The structure and composition of the loudspeaker

The loudspeaker is a kind of transducer device that transforms the electric signal into the acoustic signal. The performance of the loudspeaker has a great influence on the sound quality. The speaker is a very weak device in audio equipment, and it is an important component for audio effects. The loudspeaker is generally composed of a dust cap, a sound cone, a voice coil, a vibrating plate, a basin frame, a terminal, upper and lower magnetic pole pieces, and magnetic steel.

1. Sound cone

The vibration of the cone (diaphragm) is used to drive the air to vibrate to realize the repetition of the sound. Therefore, the material of the cone determines the personality of the speaker.

(1) Commonly used materials and characteristics of mid-bass cones

1. Composite paper cone: light weight, high strength, mostly used for bass, but also for restoring human voice.

2. PP basin: synthetic plastic, waterproof, wide application range, but the performance is not the best, the price is low, it is a low-end product.

3. Metal basin: high strength, heavy weight, low sensitivity, and perform well on Diss Technology.

4. Silk flax: mostly used in weaving basins, with the best sound quality, it is a high-end product.

(2) The materials and characteristics of the treble diaphragm (the cone is called the diaphragm in the treble)

1. Organic film: Generally used for the tweeter of coaxial loudspeakers, it can withstand low power and is easy to burn.

2. Metal film: the treble is clear and bright, and the performance is even better than the silk film at high power.

3. Silk film: The sound quality is the best, especially when the power is low. The structure and composition of the loudspeaker

Second, the basin stand

The types and characteristics of the pot frame materials are as follows:

(1) Iron sheet: lower price.

(2) Die casting: not easy to deform

(3) Synthetic materials: light in weight and not easily deformed.

Three, voice coil stand

Most of them are aluminum sheets. Because the voice coil holder needs to consider heat dissipation (heat generated when the voice coil is working), the aluminum skin has good heat dissipation, light weight, and no deformation. It is also available on paper, but it has now been eliminated. There is also a kind of KISV epoxy resin board, which has better performance.

Four, magnet

1. Ferrite: The traditional one is the most commonly used. If there are no other restrictions, it is best to use ferrite. It is characterized by large size and low price.

2. Neodymium iron: brown neodymium iron boron, also known as space magnetism. Its magnetism is 7 times that of ferrite. Common "little butt" speakers are neodymium magnets. Its disadvantage is: unstable and easy to be demagnetized, so it cannot replace ferrite.

3. Strontium magnet is characterized by high efficiency, but its volume is not large, so it is only used on tweeters.

Five, sticks

The supporting piece is also called spring plate or elastic wave, which is the support for the vibration of the loudspeaker. There are two main materials for the centering supporting piece:

1. Cotton fabric: The advantage is that it has good stability, is less affected by temperature, and is cheap. The disadvantage is that it has poor compliance.

2. Polyimide fiber: The advantages are good rigidity, strong tear resistance, good moisture resistance, minimal temperature influence, no deformation, commonly used in car speakers, but the disadvantage is that it is more expensive.

The structure and composition of the loudspeaker

Six, folding ring

The fold ring is the connecting part of the cone and the frame, used to support the vibration system of the cone, and provide compliance restoring force and damping effect.

There are 5 kinds of folding ring materials:

(1) Paper folding ring: The advantages are high sensitivity, easy to make, and low price. The disadvantage is that it cannot meet the requirements of high-performance audio.

(2) Plastic foam folding ring: The advantage is that it is light and soft. Good compliance and low frequency. The disadvantage is that it requires high ambient temperature and is easily aging.

(3) Cloth folding ring: The advantages are good low frequency characteristics, strong damping, low distortion, high power and long life. The disadvantage is the high price.

(4) Rubber folding ring: The advantage is that it is soft and willful, has a strong resilience, low distortion, and durability. It is widely used in various low-frequency speakers. The disadvantage is that the weight is slightly larger.

(5) Rubber folding ring: Combining the advantages of plastic foam folding ring and rubber folding ring, light weight and softness, good damping, low distortion and good compliance. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to bond.

Seven, dust cap

The main function is to prevent dust and debris from entering the magnetic gap. The materials used are paper, cloth, aluminum, plastic or carbon fiber fabric, etc. The commonly used shape is a hemisphere.